John Edmands

John's surname was spelled in various ways: Edmands, Edmonds, Edmunds, Edmand, Edmond, Edmund, Edmans, Edmons, and Edmuns. I am here using the modern version, Edmands.

John Edmands and his wife were part of the heroic, civic minded Republican Generation. His father was part of the nomadic, reactive Liberty Generation. His five older children were part of the adaptive Compromise Generation. His two younger children were part of the idealistic Transcendental Generation.

Less than two weeks after his 18th birthday, John, "who lived in the northeast part" of Malden, joined the fray "upon the early alarm" to harass the British advance from Boston Harbor through Lexington toward Concord, the "shot heard round the world." He was not at that time part of the Malden militia. According to the History of Malden, 1633-1785 by Deloraine Pendre Corey (1899):

    At the early fighting in Concord, he had no arms but reconnoitered, discovered a British soldier prowling away from the main body of comrades and borrowed a gun from his neighbor Sprague and went for him. When he encountered the soldier, they both fired at each other at the same time, both remaining unhurt. They then reloaded their pieces; but the Britisher, having a cartridge, was the first to reload and fire, and missing his opponent took to his heels. Edmands, loading his piece from a powder horn, required more time but when his flying opponent mounted a stone wall in his retreat, he, with a well-directed shot, brought him to the ground, securing as trophies a good king's arm and the rations the soldier had brought from Boston.
John served througout the Revolutionary War, most of the time (after the initial fray at Concord) in the Continental Army. According to the History of Melrose, County of Middlesex, Massachusetts by E. H. Goss (1903):
    The Revolutionary patriot took great pride in relating his war experiences. He owned a sword, which he obtained in the following manner. While crossing a field to his quarters one day, he met a Hessian soldier. They grappled and a most desperate struggle ensued. They fell to the ground, Mr. Edmands uppermost. The Hessian begged for his life. Mr. Edmands, stripping him of his sword, allowed him to depart, wondering at the same time what would have been his fate had the Hessian been uppermost when they fell.
Indeed! What would have been the fate of all of us who are now descended from him, since at that time he had no descendants?

John served for nearly 5 years, he was a corporal at the time of his discharge, and his service was credited to the town of Malden. Soon after his discharge, at the age of not quite 25, he got together with a local lass, Sarah Williams, not quite 20, who was from neighboring Medford. By the time of their wedding, she was 6 months pregnant with their first child.

John and Sarah raised this child (John, Jr.) and the six who followed him in a farm homestead with 20 acres in Malden, Massachusetts, on the old Saugus and Lynn Road, bounded on the east by Long Pond in the part of Malden that in 1849 became Melrose. The homestead had originally been the Elnathan Breeden property. It included a sawmill on Long Pond that John operated. In the winter, everyone pitched in to cut the pond's ice, which was then hauled to Charlestown to be loaded on ships and shipped to the West Indies, where it was sold for 25 cents a pound [more than $4 a pound in 2003 dollars].

John had a very difficult time trying to get a pension from the War Department(1).

I am indebted to cousin for this information on John's struggles to get what was due him as a Revolutionary War veteran.
To close this footnote, click the number again or click (Close) He originally applied and was awarded a pension on February 4, 1819 of $8 per month [$89.28 per month in 2003 dollars]. Unfortunately, in June 1820, his case was back in court; his pension was denied because he had too large an estate: 10 acres of land with buildings, 17 acres of pasture land, 5 acres of wooded land, 3 acres of marshland, a pew in the Baptist meeting house worth $75 [$860 in 2003 dollars], 7 cows, some yearlings, some swine, farming tools, chairs, a table, a chest, beds, a pail. After the annual increase in his land and buildings was appraised for $50 [$573 in 2003 dollars], and his debts of $500 [$5,730 in 2003 dollars] were put into the equation, his net worth was calculated as $761.25 [$8,723.93 in 2003 dollars](2). The 2003 estate prices cited here were calculated from an inflation conversion program ("The Inflation Calculator" who based his calculations on the consumer price index data in the Historical Statistics of the United States, USGPO, 1975). The program provides a fairly accurate picture of what a purchase feels like in a transaction. For example, according to this program, in general, it would take $11,460 of 2003 dollars to purchase the amount of goods that $1,000 in 1820 dollars would buy. This program helps us understand what, say, a purchase of a bushel of apples feels like. Naturally, for the dollar comparison to have any validity, we need to be dealing in purchasable items that are available in both years, as apples are. On the other hand, there were no automobiles in 1820; likewise, a buggy in good condition in 2003 might have an antique or museum value out of proportion with its 1820 price. The items should also be considered to have the same subjective value to the sellers and purchasers in the compared years--a criterion that is particularly problematical with real estate values, which can be influenced by a multitude of factors. So, with real estate values especially, please treat these 2003 figures with considerable skepticism.
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Then in 1832, Congress enacted new provisions, so John reapplied(3). Cousin has supplied the text of John's letter in 1832, reapplying for his Revolutionary War veteran's pension:
    State of Massachusetts
    County of Middlesex

    On the fourteenth day of August in the year of our lord one thousand eight hundred and thirty two personally appeared before me the ____ a Justice of the Peace in and for the said county of Middlesex. John Edmonds a resident of the town of Malden in the county of Middlesex and state of Massachusetts. the aforesaid aged 75 years who being first duly sworn according to law doth on his oath doth make the following declaration in order to obtain the benefit of provision made by the ___ of Congress ___ June 7, 1832. That he enlisted in the army of the United States in the year 1777 in the Company Commanded by Capt Ephraim Cleveland and served in the 8th regiment of Infantry under the following officers, Col Michael Jackson, Lieutenant Co. John Brooks and Will ____ Major. That he ____ ____ a pension Certificate given at the war office of the United States ___day of February 1810 and ___ he had notice under the date Sept 22, 1820 that the Secretary of War did not consider him eligible to a pension on account of the amount of his property and that he has not ___ ___ ---- received a pension and also that he is the identical John Edmons named in the original pension Certificate he now holds.
    John Edmons
    Sworn to and ____this day and year aforesaid
    Before me Edward Wade Justice of the Peace

Pat says the forms are from the National Archives. She says they are extremely hard to read and that she left blanks where she could not make out the words.
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On September 12, 1832, John again made his official declaration, stating that he
entered the service of the U.S. in 1777 as a Corporal and continued to do duty as such one year or more and afterwards did duty of a Sergeant until he was discharged in the year 1780.
Finally, beginning September 15, 1832, John received a pension of $88 per year [$1,450 per year in 2003 dollars].

John made his last will in January 1842, when he was nearly 85 years old; it basically disinherited his firstborn, John. The old soldier died at the age of 89.

Year by year in the life of John Edmands

The childhood and prime adulthood years of John Edmands in their historical context
The mature years of John Edmands in their historical context
The later years of John Edmands in their historical context

Descent chart

Birth of John Edmands
Born: 6 April 1757(4) According to cousin there is uncertainty about the birthyear for John Edmands; she offers a range "1750-57." The military records, however, indicate the year as 1757.
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Birthplace: Malden, Middlesex County, Massachusetts
Parents(5)

There is considerable controversy or confusion concerning the ancestry of Revolutionary John. Ultimately, the controversy centers around just who is the Edmands "progenitor"--the Edmands ancestor who emigrated from England to New England during the Great Migration of the late 1620s and the 1630s. Was it Walter Edmands, 1602-1667, who arrived in Charlestown, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, around 1628, or was it William Edmands, ca. 1610-1693, who arrived in Lynn, Essex County, Massachusetts, in 1629 with the Winthrop fleet (or was it later, in 1634?). All of the research I have relied on favors William as our ancestor, but there is a weak link in the evidence, a link of one or two generations going back from the John Edmands on this page. We need first to investigate just who was John's father.

Cousin Theodore Wesley "Ted" Edmands, 1928-1999, after extensive searching of Middlesex County records, left many pages of confusing, nearly indecipherable notes. He does list from the Malden vital records a John Edmands "of Boston," who was born in "1721" (not 1738) and who married Elisabeth "Livingston" in Malden in "1756/7," and a John Edmands, presumably their son, who was born in 1757. But the very next line in his notes is "John son of David Edmunds," who was born 1738.

The sources used by Mary Caroline Findley Edmands, 1887-1970, however, have "John S. Edmands" who was baptized on "November 12, 1738" as the second child of "David S. Edmands" and his wife "Hannah," who were "residents of 'Charlestown'"; and it was this John S. Edmands who filed marriage intentions with "Elizabeth Levenston" on "July 11, 1756" and became parents of John Edmands in April 1757. (This source gives the other children of David S. and Hannah Edmands--that is, the siblings of John S. Edmands--as
Hannah D. Edmands, baptized April 3, 1736;
David S. Edmands, baptized January 3, 1741;
Barnabas L. Edmands, baptized December 14, 1746; and
Thomas S. Edmands, baptized April 25, 1751.)

Ted's sister, Nancy B. Edmands Allen, b. 1925, whose findings I have largely relied upon (perhaps to the peril of accuracy), cited our Revolutionary John's father as John Edmands: "John the son of Robert and Abigail is not recorded at Lynn nor is he mentioned in his father's will. However in the family tree that Grandad [Edward Wesley Edmands, 1864-1956, son of our common ancestor Artemas Seymour Edmands, 1837-1920] drew up many years ago the next generation lists John marrying Elizabeth Levenston in 1756. They filed marriage intentions at Maldon July 11, 1756."

Here is a portion of an e-mail that cousin who has done considerably research in our ancestry, wrote me on 8 September 2003:

"The ancestry of John the soldier has baffled me for many years, and I think there are enough of us Edmands active in this search that the answer can be found. I did speak with Nancy Allen and she told me she no longer believes her work in The Essex Genealogist to be correct. The troubles are many:

"Malden was smack dab between Walter's Charlestown and William's Lynn.

"At the time of the Revolution, John lived in the Breeden house in Malden near Long Pond. Why? Was he an orphan? Were his parents loyalists who fled to Canada? Perhaps he was actually an immigrant? Was he illegitimate? Adopted?

"I've found no obituaries. The only explanation I can imagine for an 89-year-old Revolutionary War soldier with such stories to not have an obituary in any nearby paper is that his family had been shamed.

"The Malden Vital Records entry for what may be John's father is inconclusive. It talked of a John of Boston (another vote for the Charlestown clan) intending to marry an Elizabeth Leveston of Malden in 1756, the year before John the soldier is purported to have been born. The only Leveston records in the area were in Billerica, and I can find nothing about an Elizabeth of marrying age in 1756.

"Now the good side:

"Lott, son of John, was very litigious. Perhaps some documents mention his grandfather, the father of John the soldier.

"Perhaps a Middlesex County deed shows transfer from Breeden to some Edmands of the house John lived in when he was 18.

"One of John's daughters married an Avery, a family of note in the region. Their references may have an answer.

"The answer surely exists, perhaps somewhere in Melrose or Stoneham, towns that came out of Malden.

"The same minister who married John and Sarah also married a David Edmands. That David came from the Charlestown family. Coincidence?"

A couple of days later, cousin Nat wrote to a researcher at the Malden public library, copying me:

"I am making a concerted effort to solve a genealogy problem, and I am convinced the answer lies somewhere in your library. I seek information on the parents of John Edmands (1757(?)-1846), buried in Wyoming Cemetery in Melrose with his wife Sarah Williams (born Medford 1762, daughter of William Williams and Martha Comee). I have done extensive research on John, who is detailed in Goss' Melrose book and Corey's Malden book. Edmands had an ice business on long pond and owned the Elnathan Breeden place. His children (Polly, John, William, Lott, Sally, and Nancy) were all born in Malden.

"The Essex Genealogist has an article by Nancy Allen Edmands (that she now claims is incorrect) that makes a specious argument that John was originally from Dudley. However, the Dudley vital records adequately accounts for the deaths of all Johns ever born or married in Dudley. The real trouble lies in the fact that John Edmands lived smack dab between Lynn and Charlestown, the homes of two progentiors (supposed to be brothers) of the Edmands family, William of Lynn and Walter of Charlestown.

"Malden vital records has a marriage intention in 1756 of a John Edmands of Boston and an Elizabeth Leveston of Malden, but I have never been able to find more than that on either. Since John the soldier's birth year was 1757 (based on military records), this marriage intention seems promising.

"So, why would an 89-year-old veteran, documented in two books about the area, die without so much as an obituary in any local paper? Why did Goss or Corey claim that Edmands was 18 and lived in Breeden's house when the Lexington alarm rang out? Perhaps his parents were loyalists and were stricken from local records? Perhaps he was illegitimate or adopted? Or an immigrant? Another theory I have regards the marriage of John and Sarah in early 1782 with the birth of their first son, John, in Malden in May of the same year (I believe). Surely this could have been a serious problem in 1782.

"John and Sarah were married by the same minister who married a David Edmands in 1777 (I recall), and this Edmands was from the Charlestown line. A coincidence?

"Is there a deed in Malden of any land to any Edmands before 1782, particularly that of the Elnathan Breeden house? Is there any probate record or will that associates John the solider with a parent? A town meeting regarding John or his family? His own will from the archives in Cambridge was inconclusive. Perhaps an old map dating before 1757 that shows Edmands owning property in Malden? Anything at all connecting him with an ancestor would be invaluable.

"I am prepared to pay handsomely for your assistance. Since you are close to Malden's old records, I prefer to enlist your help versus the help of the NEHGS at this point. Please advise how I might proceed.

"Thanks,
Nathaniel Melvin Edmands III
son of Nathaniel Jr. of Saugus, son of Nathaniel Sr. of Saugus, son of Nelson Wilfred of Saugus, son of Artemas Seymour of Saugus, son of Artemas of Saugus, son of Lott (born Malden, lived Saugus), son of John the soldier and Sarah Williams."

I haven't yet heard the results of cousin Nat's query (but I'll be happy to contribute to the handsome payment he is prepared to make).
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Father: John S. Edmands, b. 1738 (our ancestor)
Mother: Elizabeth Levenston (our ancestor)
Siblings(6)

In cousin Nancy B. Edmands Allen's notes, referring to Revolutionary John's parents, I quote: "The next generation also John was born April 6, 1757 at Malden, we know of no other children born to John and Elizabeth." And later: "John the only child of John and Elizabeth was born April 6, 1757 at Malden."
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No information on any siblings
Spouse and children(7)

Erma F. Mason, a distant cousin of ours, descended from Revolutionary John Edmands through his second son, William Edmands, older brother of our ancestor Lott Edmands, 1791-1877, in her 22 August 1964 letter to Mary Caroline Findley Edmands, 1887-1970, stated that John married "Sarah Upham [not Williams] and they had eight children, John, Sally, Lot, Andrew, Artemus, Hester, Mary & William." Her "Sally" corresponds to daughter "Sarah" in other sources, and "Lot" is, of course, our "Lott." I have no idea where her "Andrew, Artemus, Hester" came from, and she did not mention our Nancy or Elizabeth in the other sources we have (ultimately the Malden [MA] vital records), which cite seven children for parents John Edmands and Sarah Williams. Erma Mason supplied the detailed list of her side of the family in Descendants of William Edmands (password-protected). In her later correspondence with Mary Caroline Findley Edmands, Ms. Mason acknowledged that Revolutionary John's wife was Sarah Williams (no longer Upham) and that they had the seven children cited in other sources.

You can see from note 5 (above) that cousin Nat has suggested there might have been a bit of scandal around John Edmands's marriage to Sarah Williams, since their first child, John Jr., was born just 3 months after the marriage on 6 January 1782 (this date from both Mary Caroline Findley Edmands and Nancy B. Edmands Allen, presumably both ultimately from the Malden vital records): In his 8 September 2003 note to me, Nat stated:

"The marriage date I have is 24 DEC 1781, but that may have been just the intention. In any event, you DEFINITELY should compare their marriage date with their son John's birthdate; 6 APR 1782. You do the math. Perhaps that was a source of shame for John and maybe why he's hard to track."

Incidentally, I see in his letter to the Malden librarian (cited in note 5, above), cousin Nat mentions only six children of John and Sarah Edmands, omitting the youngest child, Elizabeth, but that is obviously just an oversight, since he referred to this child in his note to me as "one of John's daughters" who "married an Avery."
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Wife: Sarah Williams, 1762-1848 (our ancestor)
(daughter of
William Williams IV and Martha Comee Williams [our ancestors]),
from Medford, Middlesex County, Massachusetts and Melrose, Middlesex County, Massachusetts
.
Married 6 January 1782
in Malden
Son: John Edmands
Born 6 April 1782
Married (first) 1807?
---- to Mary (Marcy?) White
---- of Dresden, Lincoln Co., Maine District
    Daughter:
    Sarah Edmands, b. <1810
    --- schoolteacher in Saugus in 1827
Married (second)?
---- to Eliza UNKNOWN (Coffin)
---- (widow of UNKNOWN Coffin)
Daughter: Sarah "Sally" Edmands
Born 15 September 1784
Never married
Resided with Artemas and Margaret Edmands in old age
Died 1865 or later
Buried Main Cmtry (Edmands monument), Saugus, MA
Daughter: Nancy "Anna" Edmands(8) According to Theodore Wesley "Ted" Edmands, 1928-1999, citing the Malden vital records, the name of John and Sarah Edmands's third child was Ann (or Anna) Edmands, b. 1786, not Nancy Edmands.
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Born 10 September 1786
Posted marriage intentions 24 July 1819
Married 25 August 1819 in Malden, MA
to Stephen Coats
---- of Malden, MA
---- (son of Stephen and Mary Coats)
Son: William Edmands
Born 8 August 1789
Married 30 January 1814(9) Cousin has the marriage date as 2 March 1814/5 (probably 1815), not 30 January 1814 (as our other sources have). She also has the marriage place as Lexington, not South Reading (Wakefield), Massachusetts. She also has Ruth's birthyear as 1792, rather than February 1796.
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------ in South Reading (Wakefield), MA
------ to Ruth Wiley
------ of South Reading (Wakefield), MA
------ (b. February 1796
------ d. >1870)
    Children:
    Clara Edmands
    Rodney Edmands, 1817-1909
    Mary Edmands
    Willard Edmands, b. 1823
    Lucellia Edmands, b. 1828
    Theodora "Fedora" Edmands, b. 1830
    Lydia Edmands, b. 1835
    Luella Edmands
    Harriet L. Edmands

    For more information on his descendants,
    including the surnames Barnes, Bishop, Bragg, Brown, Bryant, Cameron, Cummings, Davis, Dick, Dobbyn, Doe, Donnally, Dougherty, Edwards, Ferris, Ficarra, Flood, Foote, Foster, Fowler, Freeley, Geissler, Gibbons, Goodnow, Gorman, Hansen, Hemingway, Hill, Hubbard, Jones, Kaye, La Spina (di Savuto), Ledoux, Lovett, Marlow, Mason, McGettigan, McKenna, Meyer, Miller, Newman, Nichols, Pallace, Pano, Parsons, Paton, Perkins, Perrillo, Reel, Rice, Russell, Ryan, Seaverus, Slocumb, Smith, Stoddard, Sykes, Wade, and Wilson,
    see Descendants of William Edmands (password-protected)

Resided (in 1866) upper end of Forest Street
------ in Saugus, Essex Co., MA
Died >1870
Son: Lott Edmands, 1791-1877 (our ancestor)
Daughter: Mary "Polly" Edmands
Born 16 February 1796(10) Cousin has 1792 or 1796 as the birthyear for Polly.
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Married 20 August 1812
------ to George Suester (Sweetser?)
Resided South Reading (Wakefield), MA
Daughter: Elizabeth "Eliza" Edmands
Born 5 September 1799
Posted marriage intentions 4 September 1819
Married 15 December 1819(11) Cousin has Eliza's marriage date as 4 September (rather than 15 December, as stated by our other sources) in 1819.
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------ in Malden, Middlesex Co., MA,
------ to Ephraim Avery I
------ (d. 1832)
    Children:
    Ephraim Avery II, b. 1820
    Kittridge Avery, b. ca. 1822
    Melzar Avery ?, b. 1824
    John Quincy Adams Avery, b. 1827?

    For more information on her descendants,
    including the surnames Avery and Upham,
    see Descendants of Eliza Edmands

Died 1879
Other information
Occupation: Farmer, sawmill operator, ice supplier
Military: Revolutionary War:
John, not in any official militia, was among those who went out upon the early alarm to harass the British regulars at Concord on 19 April
1775. He then served from Stoneham in Capt. Hall's company, Lt. Col. William Bond's 37th Regiment (including combat action in June at the Battle of Bunker Hill [actually Breed's Hill]), until 6 October 1775, when he transferred to Capt. John Howard's company, Col. Samuel Brewer's regiment--including Gen. George Washington's operation against the Hessians at Trenton, NJ, in late December 1776--until 12 March 1777. He was among the list of Malden men mustered by Nathaniel Barber, muster master for Suffolk County; the list was dated 30 March 1777 (this would be the beginning of his service in the regular Continental Army), from which time John served in Capt. Ephraim Cleveland's company, Michael Jackson's regiment, until 1 February 1780. John was a Corporal upon his discharge.
Religion: Baptist
Death of John Edmands
Died: 14 May 1846(12) Cousin has a picture of the gravestone, stating John's date of death as 14 May (not 13 May, as stated in our other sources) 1846. She also says he was aged 96 (not 89, as stated in our other sources), but this is because she is using a birthyear of 1750. She also states the following: "There is a John Edmands of Dudley, Mass., whose birthdate is December 20, 1757, who could very well be our John, but I was told by Nat Edmands that he had found that John and that he definitely was not our John." Yet it was Nat who confirmed to me that our John was born in 1757, attested by his military records--but the actual day is April 6, not December 20.
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(age 89 years 1 month 8 days)
Deathplace: Malden, Middlesex County, Massachusetts
Burial place: Wyoming Cmtry, Melrose, Middlesex County, Massachusetts
Will of John Edmands
The following is a transcription of a poor copy of John's handwritten will, the original of which must be in the Middlesex County records; at some point, I will research these records and resolve the places where I have indicated that the words are illegible. Note that John willed his eldest son, John, only $1 [$18.50 in 2002 dollars], an indication that his namesake was certainly out of favor. He willed his other sons $50 each [$925 in 2002 dollars], and he left son John out of the rest of the division of property.
Be it remembered That I John Edmons of Malderng in the County of Middlesex and Commonwealth of Massachusetts, yeoman, considering the uncertainty of Life, and being of sound mind and memory blessed by God for the same, do make and publish this my last Will and Testament, in manner and form following, viz.

Imprimatur. I order and direct that all my just debts and funeral charges be paid within one year after my decease.

Item. I give and bequeath unto my beloved wife Sarah Edmans the use and [illegible] improvement of all my Real and Personal Estate for and during her natural life after the payment of my debts as aforesaid.

I give and bequeath to my Son John Edmons one dollar.

I give and bequeath to my son William Edmons and Lot Edmons fifty dollars each, which said Legacies or sums of money I order to be paid to the said respective Legator within one year after my decease and the decease of my said wife.

I give and bequeath to my sons William Edmons and Lot Edmons and to my Daughters Sarah Edmons, Nancy Coats wife of Stephen Coats, Mary Sweetser wife of George Sweetser and Elizabeth Avery widow of Ephraim Avery, deceased, and to their heirs and assigns forever all my Real Estate of whatever [illegible] or nature or wherever situated, together with all the rest, residue, and remainder of my personal Estate, goods and chattles of whatever kind and nature soever to be equally divided among them and their lawful representatives.

And lastly I appoint my said son, William Edmons sole Executor of this my last Will and Testament; hereby revoking all former Wills by me made. In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal this twenty-first day of January, in the year of Our Lord one thousand eight hundred and forty-two.

John Edmons

Signed, Sealed, published and declared by the above named John Edmons to be his last Will and Testament, in the presence of witnesses who at his request and in his [illegible] have hereunto subscribed their names as witnesses to the same,

Nathan Derby
[illegible]
[illegible] T. Newhall

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Sources on John Edmands:

  • Nancy B. Edmands Allen, b. 1925. Much of the vital statistic information and most of the introductory material is from her. She stated that she was citing the vital records of Malden.
  • Theodore Wesley "Ted" Edmands, 1928-1999, Nancy Allen's brother, citing various Massachusetts towns' vital records. Unfortunately, his handwritten notes are often impossible to decipher, so--eventually--I will need to go to these records myself.
  • (cousin Nat Edmands), descendant of Nelson Wilfred Edmands, for considerable probing research.
  • b. 1951, great-granddaughter of Arthur Seymour Edmands, for considerable information, including (among many other things) especially the story of the struggles John went through to get his veteran's pension.
  • Deloraine Pendre Corey, History of Malden, 1633-1785 (1899).
  • E. H. Goss, History of Melrose, County of Middlesex, Massachusetts (1903).
  • Ethel Jean Edmands Weeks, b. 1909, in her 29 August 1947 application to join the Daughters of the American Revolution. She cited Nathan Mortimer Hawkes, Hearths and Homes in Old Lynn with Studies in Local History (Lynn, MA: Thos. P. Nichols & Sons, Publishers, 1907); Goss, pp. 31, 48-49, 87, 111, 212, 460-61; Corey, pp. 81, 747; Massachusetts Soldiers and Sailors of the American Revolution, Vol. V, pp. 219-20.
  • Mary Caroline Findley Edmands, 1887-1970

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